Hi, I believe the type of book may use different footnote styles: for example, if you were footnoting an anthropology or social science book, you'd see an opening parenthesis after the relevant sentence, followed by the author's last name, colon, year of the publication, and pages cited followed by a closing parenthesis. (I'm unsure of whether the whole book title goes within the parentheses or not. As for literary footnoting, here's what I've seen in Braille: (note: I may be completely wrong about the manner of literary footnoting today), Say I'm reading a paragraph and I wish to footnote something. After the word or phrase, I'd see an asterisk followed immediately by a number. Either at the end of the book or at the bottom of the page, you'd write the asterisk, followed by the footnote number, after which you'd see either an explanation or a citation. The citation style would consist of the author's last name, the name of the work, page number. If you had another footnote from the same work, you'd write either Ibid. or Op. cit. followed by the page number. I think both these words come from Latin and the last one op. cit. is Latin for "work cited" or something like that. Please, you guys, if I'm incorrect, do write something about footnoting so Valerie won't get lousy information from me. You may know more about MLA style than I do. Regards, Kim Friedman. __________ Information from ESET NOD32 Antivirus, version of virus signature database 5110 (20100512) __________ The message was checked by ESET NOD32 Antivirus. http://www.eset.com