From: idevices@xxxxxxxxx <idevices@xxxxxxxxx> On Behalf Of Rita Howells
Sent: 8 March 2021 6:24 pm
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Subject: [iDevices] Explanation of the structure and architecture with in Apple
iOS software and with in apps: Ritaâs iDevice Advice for March 8, 2021
Explanation of the structure and architecture with in Apple iOS software and
with in apps: Ritaâs iDevice Advice for March 8, 2021
The below information comes from the San Francisco Lighthouse for the Blind.
Contact information is at the bottom.
Further down, is some visual description of the icons on an Apple iOS Device.
Explanation of the structure and architecture in Apple iOS software and with in
apps:
App architecture:
The top of the screen
⢠Back button. The back button typically lives at or near the top-left
corner of your screen. When pressed, it will take you back to the previous
screen, category or menu. Visually, it is represented by a left-arrow. With
Voiceover, you may hear something like, âSettings, back button.â Voiceover
is reporting the back button as well as the previous category you will return
to if this button is pressed.
⢠Edit button. Edit buttons also live near the top-left corner of your
screen in native iOS apps. The edit button lets you make changes to the
information on the current screen. For example, finding your contact card, and
then finding the Edit button will let you edit your own contact information.
⢠Done button. When you are finished making changes to information, you
can find the Done button near the top-left corner of your screen. This acts as
a confirmation button to save the changes youâve made. This may also appear
as a Save button.
⢠Cancel button. This button occurs at the top-left corner in many native
iOS apps. It will cancel any changes youâve made and close out the screen.
The bottom of the screen
Tab bars
A tab bar is a set of two to five tabs that let you move to different sections
of an app. It lies along the bottom of your screen from left to right.
Visually, tabs are often translucent, and may or may not have a background tint
to them. Letâs use the phone app as an example of what Voiceover may report
when encountering a tab bar.
⢠Tab bar announcement. As of iOS 14, Voiceover will announce that you
have encountered a tab bar when focus moves to the bottom of the screen.
⢠Tab name. Voiceover will announce the name of the tab youâve
encountered. For example, âKeypad, tab.â
⢠Tab position. Voiceover will announce the position of the focused tab in
relation to how many tabs there are. For example, âKeypad, tab, 4 of 5.â
⢠Selection. When you double-tap a tab, its content will appear on the
screen. Along with this, you will hear that your chosen tab is selected. For
example, âSelected, keypad tab, 4 of 5.â
Tool bars
Just like a tab bar, a tool bar is a set of buttons that lies along the bottom
of your screen from left to right. Tab bars let you move between sections of an
app, whereas tool bars give you a list of actions to perform. An easy tool bar
to explore appears in your Safari app, which serves as your internet browser.
Letâs talk about what you will hear.
⢠Tool bar announcement. As of iOS 14, Voiceover will announce that you
have encountered a tool bar when focus moves to the bottom of the screen.
⢠Button name. Tool bars contain buttons that can be pressed to perform
actions. In Safariâs tool bar, you may hear, âShare, button.â
Double-tapping this will bring up an iOS share sheet.
The middle of the screen
This is where the main content of your app will appear. Letâs talk about what
youâll find.
⢠Items. The items in your app will be different depending on which app
youâre working in. In the Voicemail tab of your Phone app, your items are
voicemails. In your inbox of your Mail app, your items are emails.
⢠Categories. These are sets of items or selectable options. Your Settings
app contains a wealth of categories represented by buttons.
⢠Actions. These are actions related to working with the individual item
youâve found. These actions can vary depending on which app youâre in.
Voiceover will report to you that actions are available. This means you can
swipe up or down to move through your list of actions, and double-tap to
perform an action. Visually, lists of actions may appear after you perform a
long-press on an item, or they may appear as a button with three dots that
needs to be pressed.
Scrolling through content
There are a few ways to scroll through pages of content in an app.
⢠Headings. Headings separate your app into sections for easier
navigation. You can use the headings item in your rotor to move through these.
Use your rotate gesture until you hear, âHeadings.â Swipe up to move to the
previous heading, and swipe down to move to the next heading.
⢠Scroll gestures. Voiceover lets you scroll with three-finger swipe
gestures. Swipe up with three fingers to scroll down, and swipe down with three
fingers to scroll up. While scrolling, Voiceover will report your position and
progress. You will hear things like, âRows 1 through 10 of 50. Rows 10
through 20 of 50,â etc.
⢠Indexes. An index is an alphabetically organized list of items. The
index in your contacts list of your phone can be used to navigate quickly
through your address book. When you encounter this element with Voiceover, you
will hear, âSection index, adjustable.â Swipe up or down to move through
the list of letters of the alphabet, and swipe right to hear items
corresponding to that letter.
⢠Vertical scroll bar. The vertical scroll bar appears and extends
vertically down the right edge of your screen. It gives you a quicker way to
scroll through what may be pages and pages of items. When encountering this
with Voiceover, you may hear, âVertical scroll bar, five pages, 10 percent,
adjustable.â Swipe up or down with one finger to adjust the percentage you
hear. If you need to find something near the end, try swiping down until you
hear, â90%,â and then explore the middle of your screen for the item you
want.
App inconsistencies
Sometimes, apps can behave unexpectedly or inconsistently. Here are some
examples of what you may find.
⢠Unclear tab bars. Tab bars are usually good at telling you what you will
find when you select one. Some, may have tabs that are labeled in a vague or
confusing way.
⢠Poorly structured tab bars. The last tab in a tab bar usually marks the
end of the content on your screen, letting you swipe no further. Some tab bars,
however, will let you swipe out of them and into the contents of your screen.
This can be disorienting.
⢠Rotor focus changes. Sometimes you will try to swipe through rotor
actions, only to hear characters instead! Refocus your list of actions by
performing your rotate gesture to the left.
⢠Unlabeled buttons. Well-developed, accessible apps will have buttons
that tell you what will happen when you press them. Some apps, however, are
filled with buttons that will only say, âButton,â when encountered with
Voiceover. You can remedy this by using the Label Element feature of Voiceover.
Hereâs how to do this.
o Touch the unlabeled item to bring it into Voiceover focus.
o Perform a two-finger double-tap, and hold, keeping your fingers pressed to
the screen after the second tap. You will hear three beeps, and Voiceover will
say, âAlert, label element.â
o You now have a text field on the screen. Type or dictate the label you are
assigning. For example, âBack,â for a back button.
o Find and double-tap the save button to save your label. You now have a
back button instead of a mystery button!
App crashes
Sometimes, apps will crash and become unusable. Here are a couple of solutions
you can try.
⢠Reactivate Voiceover. If Voiceover has been rendered unresponsive,
summon Siri and say, âTurn Voiceover on.â
⢠Exit and reenter the app. Move back to the home screen via the home
gesture or home button, then double-tap the app again.
⢠Close and reopen the app. Activate the app switcher, and close the
unruly app with a three-finger swipe up. Then, move back to the home screen and
open the app again.
⢠Contact Apple Accessibility. If you have feedback about a particularly
buggy or inaccessible app, you can contact their accessibility support hotline
by calling 1-877-204-3930.
Tech Together is a chance to share your knowledge and experience, as well as
learn from other blind technology users. LightHouse access technology staff
participate in these informal knowledge shares along with LightHouse students
and friends.
These meetings take place on Tuesdays from 2:00 to 3:30 PM Pacific Time unless
otherwise specified. Topics will be announced as they evolve out of the needs
of our community, and interest from participants.
If you have any questions please send them to:
AT@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx <mailto:AT@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
or leave a message at 1-415-694-7618.
ÿ
Visual description of the icons on an Apple iOS Device
Appleâs iOS software is an extremely visual environment, with icons that
VoiceOver has been programmed to describe. An icon is a picture or symbol on
the screen, used to represent an application, action, or a status message. This
article will attempt to describe what a sighted person sees when looking at
his/her iOS and iPad OS device. Having a basic understanding of these visual
concepts can help non sighted users explain and teach iOS to those who can see,
as well as providing an easier means by which Voiceover users and sighted users
can relate to each other with regard to the iOS interface.
When your Apple device is asleep, you can wake it up in one of several ways as
described in the user guides, such as pressing the Home or Sleep/Wake button,
or tapping/lifting your device. You are then immediately presented with the
Lock Screen. This screen displays a padlock icon in the center of the screen,
with the padlock either open or closed, depending on the current lock state of
your device. Directly below that are the current time and date, one above the
other. This Lock Screen also displays any notifications you may have received
while your device was asleep. Select models also display a flash light icon in
the bottom left, and a Camera icon in the bottom right. By default, devices
with Face ID hide notification preview text until the device is unlocked.
From here, you can place your finger on the Home Button (devices with Touch
ID), or glance at your device (Face ID devices) to unlock your iPhone or iPad.
if necessary, you can slide up with one finger, using the bar at the very
bottom center of the screen, to go Home. This places you on the Home Screen.
The Home Screen is divided into four distinct elements. These include:
* App Icons
* Page Selector
* Dock
* Status Bar
Giving special locations on the screen for the fixed elements can help sighted
people find them. For example, the Status Bar is at the top of the screen and
the Dock is the bar with app icons across the bottom of the screen. It
displays the same app icons, no matter which Home Screen page you are on. The
Page Selector is just above the Dock, and the App Icon area, located between
the Status Bar and the Page Selector, is a grid of icons, representing all the
apps installed on your device.
The Status Bar (Top left and right of screen; not a physical bar):
Many different icons can show up on the Status Bar, depending on what services
you have, etc. For example, an airplane icon will replace the WiFi icon if your
device is in airplane mode. LTE, 3G, 4G, 5GE, or others may show up depending
on your current cellular service. There are indicators for personal hotspot, a
call indicator when a call is in progress, location services icon, etc.
Normally on the top left side of the Status Bar, the time is in numbers, like a
Digital readout.
Further to the right, the Cellular signal strength is represented by vertical
bars. The stronger the signal, the more bars are represented (a maximum of 4
bars can show up).
To the right of that is the Wi-Fi indicator which is two downward curved lines
pointing with a dot under the two curved lines (some people call this graphic
for WI-FI a Rainbow). The stronger the Wi-Fi signal, the more parts of this
graphic appear filled in.
At the far right is the Battery indicator which is like a double A battery
lying on its side and the center is filled with the level of charge which
changes as the charge is used up or replenished.
Note that the Status Bar also appears at the top of the Lock Screen.
App Icon Area:
The majority of the Home Screen is comprised of the app icon area. This is a
grid of apps, which is laid out with usually six rows (vertically) of apps with
four apps (horizontally) in each row. Apps can be rearranged on the Home
Screen, so that they appear in the order you prefer. You can even make folders
which can store numerous apps. As new apps are installed, they most commonly
appear last on the Home Screen. When you set up a new device, all Apple apps
appear on the Home Screen first, followed by any third-party apps you may
choose to install. Additional Home Screen pages are automatically created as
needed, so that as new apps are installed, and the current Home Screen page is
filled up, more pages will automatically appear. You can quickly swipe left and
right between Home Screen pages (Voiceover users must swipe with three
fingers), or you can use the Page Selector, to be discussed shortly.
App icons on the Home Screen appear as squares with rounded corners. Every app
icon is the same size - about the size of a thumbnail. Each app has a
background color, an actual picture symbolizing the app, and the text name of
the app which appears just below the icon itself.
Page Selector:
The Page Selector is a series of gray dots, just above the Dock. If you have
six pages of apps, then there will be six dots in a row (side by side) to show
how many pages there are. VoiceOver will say "Page 1 of 6". So if you are on
Page 1, that page is represented by a white dot.
The Dock:
The Doc is represented as a gray, round-cornered rectangle across the bottom of
the Home Screen. On an iPhone, the Doc can support four app icons. These four
icons remain the same, no matter what Home Screen page the Slider takes you to.
You can change which apps appear on the Doc. The current default apps on the
Doc for iPhone devices are Phone, Safari, Messages, and Music. You can move
the apps on the Doc around just like other apps.
The Phone app is green with a white handset of an old telephone; the Messages
icon is green with a solid white speaking bubble; the Safari app is white with
a compass graphic; and the Music App is a white app with a two musical eighth
note graphic.
App Name
App Color
APP Description
Apple Store
White
Blue shopping bag with white apple that has a bite taken out
Apps Store
Blue
White capital letter A
Books
Orange
White open book
Calculator
White
Black calculator image
Calendar
White
Current day of week (in red), date in numbers (in black)
Camera
Gray
Black old fashioned Polaroid camera
Clips
White
Blue circle with white movie camera
Clock
Black
White face of click with current time in black analog
Compass
Black
White compass image with cardinal directions: W, E, N, S
Contacts
White
Circle with person image and colored tabs like an address book
FaceTime
Green
White movie camera
Files
White
Blue file folder
Files
White
Blue file folder
Find My
Gray
Green and blue circular radar
Garage Band
Orange
White guitar image
Health
White
Red heart symbol
Home
White
Orange house
iMovie
Purple
White 5 pointed with purple movie camera
ITunes Store
Dark pink
White 5 Point Star
iTunes U
Orange
White mortar board
Keynote
Blue
White podium
Mail
Blue
White envelope
Maps
Multicolored
Interstate graphic, white directional arrowhead, in blue circle
Measure
Black
White ruler markings with yellow horizontal dotted line
Messages
Green
Solid white speaking bubble (like in cartoons)
Music
White
2 multi-colored eighth notes tied with bar
News
White
Red striped capital letter N
Notes
Yellow heading
White below
Gray lines across
Numbers
Green
4 white vertical bars
Pages
Orange
Whites slanted pencil with straight horizontal line
Phone
Green
White old fashioned handset phone
Photos
White
Pinwheel of primary colors
Podcasts
Purple
Two white circles with a microphone symbol in middle
Reminders
White
Three colored bullet points each with a gray horizontal line after them
Safari
White
Blue compass with die final needle in white and red
Settings
Gray
Dark gray gear wheel
Shortcuts
Black
Red and blue squares on top of each with space in between
Stocks
Black
White horizontal graphic line with blue vertical line with blue dot
TV
Black
White apple with word TV in white
Voice Memos
Black
Red and white vertical sound wave lines
Wallet
Black
Multi-colored rectangle with rows representing credit card slots
Watch
Black
White watch - side view
Weather
Blue
White cloud with partial sunshine behind it
Notification Center: white header style letters âNotification Centerâ. In
the Settings app, the Notification icon is red and within it is a white rounded
corner square outline with a white ball at the right top corner. However, in
the Notification Center, each notification will be a gray rectangle with
rounded corners, and the icon within at the top left of the rectangle will look
like whatever app is sending the notification.
Control Center: You can add other app icons to this area, so you may run
across someoneâs phone that is setup a little differently. By default, there
are two black round- cornered squares side by side, near the top, with icons in
them. The one on the left has four icons, two on top and two below. In the
top left is the Airplane mode icon. It is a gray circle with a white small
airplane. In the top right is the Cellular data icon. It is a green circle with
a graphic that resembles a small radio tower. In the bottom left of the square
is the WiFi icon. In the bottom right is the Bluetooth icon. It is based on
the shape of the Viking Rune letters, H&B, which stands for Harald Bluetooth, a
Viking King. It resembles somewhat a small butterfly paperclip lying on its
side or a small bow on its side.
The square on the right is the Music App and has a white Play button arrow in
the middle and gray left rewind and gray right fast forward buttons on the
right. In that top right corner of that app is the airplay icon which looks
like a target of white circles with a gray tiny triangle at the bottom and
within the circles.
Below the large square on the left are two small icons. On the left is the
Screen Orientation Lock. It is black with a white small padlock symbol and a
white partial arrow circling around it. To the right of that is the Do Not
Disturb icon. It is white with a gray quarter moon symbol.
Below that is a small black round-cornered rectangle, Screen Mirroring app. It
has two small white outlined rectangles overlapping each other and the words,
Screen Mirroring.
To the right of those apps are two long black narrow vertical slider apps. The
one on the left controls the screen brightness. The slider is white and has a
small gray sun symbol on it. To the right of that is the black volume control.
The slider is white and has a small speaker symbol on it.
Below that, from left to right on most iPhones, are four apps. All are black
with white graphics representing each app: but the flashlight app, a timer app
(has a partial circle outline with a needle point to the 10 o'clock position),
a calculator app (image resembles a calculator), and a camera app (image looks
like a camera).
Below that at the bottom, left to right are three additional apps. All are
black with white graphics representing each app: The Home app (looks like a
house nested within a house), low power mode icon (looks like a AA battery on
its side), and the QR Code app (looks like four corner brackets with 4 small
squares inside).
Other Common Icons Within iOS Apps:
Many Apple apps, and even a variety of third-party apps, conform to standard
implementations of common icons, such as Back, Share, and Cancel, just to name
a few. Learning what these icons look like can help you to recognize them, thus
enhancing the ability to learn and use new apps.
Back button: a left pointing arrow.
Share option: a rectangle with an up-pointing arrow, or three dots.
Attachments: a paper clip
More option: a circle with 3 dots in the middle
Edit: the word Edit in a square
Add: the plus sign
Cancel: the word Cancel
Search: gray long round cornered rectangle with gray outline of magnifying
glass, the gray word Search, and a gray microphone
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