Okay, I'll try to clarify a few things:
The terminal, also known as the console and sometimes the shell refers
to running Linux without a GUI, just with the command-line and text
output. If you're old enough to remember the DOS days, this is
essentially the Linux equivalent of running DOS without the early
versions of Windows that where just GUIs that ran on top of DOS.
A terminal emulator or terminal window is a GUI application that lets
you access the command-line from a graphical environment. To add to
the confusion, these are sometimes just called a terminal or shell,
perhaps prefixed with graphical.
Due to similar terminology and inconsistent usage, it isn't always
clear when one is talking about using the command-line on a system
without a GUI and when they're using the command-line through a
graphical application.
ssh, short for secure shell, is a protocol for accessing the
command-line on a remote system. On a Linux system, you can run the
ssh command to log into another Linux machine either from the console
running without a GUI or from a terminal emulator within a GUI
environment. As Microsoft doesn't give users the option of running
without a GUI and ssh only allows command-line access to the remote
system, sshing from a Windows machine requires a terminal emulator.
Fortunately, there are a few Windows applications that combine an ssh
client and terminal emulator into a single application. PuTTY is
probably the most well-known of these, but I believe TerraTerm is
another example, and I suspect there's a way to ssh from Power Shell
or cmd.exe(or what ever it's called nowadays). I haven't made heavy
use of Windows since the XP days, so I can't offer much practical help
there.
And while there are dozens of terminal emulators for Linux, those
really only become a concern if you decide to log into the Pi or
another Linux machine directly, and only if you're running a GUI, and
even then, it's possible to switch between the GUI and a text-only
console under Linux.
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